Remote management for a computing device

ABSTRACT

Examples are disclosed for remote management of a computing device. In some examples, a secure communication link may be established between a network input/output device for a computing device and a remote management application. Commands may be received from the remote management application and management functions may be implemented at the network input/output device. Implementation of the management functions may enable the remote management application to manage or control at least some operating parameters of the computing device. Other examples are described and claimed.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of, claims the benefit of andpriority to previously filed U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/161,274filed Oct. 16, 2018, which is a continuation of, claims the benefit ofand priority to previously filed U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/332,874 filed Oct. 24, 2016, issued on Oct. 16, 2018 as U.S. Pat. No.10,104,176, which is a continuation of claims the benefit of andpriority to previously filed U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/434,975filed Mar. 30, 2012, entitled “REMOTE MANAGEMENT FOR A COMPUTINGDEVICE”, issued on Oct. 25, 2016 as U.S. Pat. No. 9,479,592, which arehereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.

BACKGROUND

A growing number of low-cost computing devices may be deployed asservers in Internet Portal Data Centers (IPDCs). IPDCs typicallyconfigure large numbers of low-cost servers to do massively parallelactivities. In order to keep costs low for these types of servers, akind of management controller known as a baseboard management controller(BMC) may not be included. A BMC is typically installed as a separatecontroller chip or device and is used to communicate with and/or carryout commands received from a remote management application.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates a first example system.

FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an example architecture for aremote command manager.

FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of a secure communication link.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example flow diagram for remote management.

FIG. 5 illustrates a second example system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

As contemplated in the present disclosure, a management controller knownas a BMC may not be added to computing devices deployed as low costservers in such environments as IPDCs. The large numbers of serversdeployed in these types of environments, often in remote/geographicallydispersed locations, may benefit from at least some of the remotemanagement functionality provided by a BMC. Some examples of beneficialremote management functionality may include secure remote power actions,secure remote access to basic input/output system (BIOS) configuration,watchdog timer, temperature sensors or general sensor access (e.g.,intrusion detection, fans, current sensors, etc.). However, the lack ofa separate management controller such as a BMC may be problematic toproviding the above-mentioned remote management functionality. Somedevices typically included in low cost computing devices such as networkI/O devices (e.g., Ethernet controllers) may be configured to providesome remote management functionality.

In some examples, techniques are implemented at a network input/outputI/O device for a computing device. For these examples, a securecommunication link may be established between the network I/O device anda remote management application. One or more commands from the remotemanagement application may then be received at the network I/O devicevia the secure communication link. Management functions may then beimplemented at the network I/O device based on the received commands.According to some examples, the management functions may enable theremote management application to manage or control at least someoperating parameters of the computing device.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example system 100. In some examples, FIG. 1depicts system 100 including a computing device 105. As shown in FIG. 1,computing device 105 includes a network I/O device 110, a memory 120, aprocessor 130, sensor(s) 140, fan(s) 150 or a power source 160. As shownin FIG. 1, network I/O device 110 may couple to remote managementapplication 180 via communication channel 170. Communication channel 170may include wired and/or wireless communication mediums configured tocommunicatively couple network I/O device 110 and/or elements of networkI/O device 110 to elements remote with respect to computing device 105such as remote management application 180. In some examples, remote withrespect to computing device 105 may include not located in a closeproximity in a room, in a structure or even in a geographical locationor area. Also, this disclosure is not limited to a computing deviceincluding the elements shown in FIG. 1 for computing device 105 and isnot limited to a single communication channel coupled to the computingdevice. Other examples are described and claimed.

According to some examples, as shown in FIG. 1, network I/O device 110may be coupled to memory 120 and processor 130 via communication link135. Communication link 135 may be configured to allow for data receivedby network I/O device 140 to be processed or stored by memory 120 orprocessor 130. Communication link 135 may also be configured to allowfor process/stored data to be gathered by network I/O device 110 andthen forwarded via communication channels such as communication channel170.

In some examples, as shown in FIG. 1, network I/O device 110 includes aremote command manager 112. Network I/O device 110 is also shown in FIG.1 as including a local management bus 115 that may be coupled withelements at network I/O device 110 and with several elements oncomputing device 105. For example, sensors 114, 122 and 132 at networkI/O device 110, memory 120 and processor 130 may be coupled to localmanagement bus 115. Also, sensor(s) 140, fan(s) 150 and power source 160may also be coupled to local management bus 115. According to someexamples, remote command manager 112 may include logic and/or featuresconfigured to operate or manage local management bus 115. For theseexamples, based on establishment of a secure communication link withremote management application 180 over communication channel 170, remotecommand manager 112 may utilize local management bus 115 to enableremote management application 180 to manage or control at least someoperating parameters of computing device 105.

According to some examples, the various sensors shown in FIG. 1 mayinclude temperature sensors. For example, sensors 114, 122 and 132 mayseparately include temperature sensors arranged to monitor or measuretemperatures at or around network I/O device 112, memory 120 orprocessor 130, respectively. Additionally, sensor(s) 140 may alsoinclude any number of temperature sensors or any other suitable types ofsensors including, but not limited to, intrusion detection monitors,backup battery monitors, or power usage monitors. Remote command manager112 may receive a command from remote management application 180 toimplement a management function which includes obtaining operatingparameter information gathered from these sensors. Remote commandmanager 112 may include logic and/or features to communicate with thesesensors via local management bus 115 and then provide the operatingparameter information via the established secure communication link withremote management application 180 over communication channel 170.

In some examples, remote command manager 112 may receive a power actioncommand from remote management application 180. The power action commandmay cause remote command manager to implement a management functionwhich includes controlling power actions for the computing device.Controlling power actions may include remote command manager 112communicating to power source 160 via local management bus 115. Remotecommand manager 112 may indicate to power source 160 whether to powerup, power down or reset computing device 105 based on the power actioncommand from remote management application 180. Once remote commandmanager 112 has implemented the power action command, a completionmessage may be forwarded to remote management application 180.

According to some examples, remote command manager 112 may receive awatchdog timer command from remote management application 180. Thewatchdog timer command may include an indication of how often remotecommand manager 112 should reset a watchdog timer. For example, awatchdog timer may be reset every 5 minutes by remote command manager112. For this example, if the watchdog timer is not reset after the 5minutes expires, computing device 105 may be reset. Therefore, thewatchdog timer may allow for computing device 105 to be reset even ifremote command manger 112 becomes unresponsive to remote managementapplication 180 and/or malfunctions. In some examples, once remotecommand manager 112 has implemented the watchdog timer command (e.g.,set the initial watchdog timer), a completion message may be forwardedto remote management application 180.

In some examples, remote command manager 112 may receive a proxy commandfrom remote management application 180. The proxy command may indicateto remote command manager 112 to relay information or communications vialocal management bus 115 to either the various sensors on or withcomputing device 105 or to other elements such as fan(s) 150 or powersource 160. As a result of relaying the information or communications,remote command manager 112 may serve as a proxy device to allow remotemanagement application 180 to communicate with these sensors, fans orpower sources located at or with computing device 105. Once remotecommand manager 112 has implemented the proxy command, a completionmessage may be forwarded to remote management application 180.

According to some examples, network I/O device 110 may be arranged tofunction as a network interface card (NIC) or a local access network(LAN) on motherboard (LOM). For these examples, network I/O device 110as well as communication channel 170 may be configured to operate inaccordance with one or more applicable communication or networkingstandards in any version. The networking standards may include standards(including progenies and variants) such as the various Ethernetstandards promulgated by the Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers (IEEE). The Ethernet standards may include IEEE 802.3-2008,Carrier sense Multiple access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) AccessMethod and Physical Layer Specifications, Published in December 2008(hereinafter “the Ethernet standard”). According to some examples, anetwork I/O device 110 configured to operate in compliance with theindustry standards such the Ethernet standard may include logic and/orfeatures arranged to function as a protocol (e.g., Ethernet) controllerfor computing device 105. For these examples, although not shown in FIG.1, network I/O device 110 may be arranged to function as a NIC or LOMand may include a media access controller (MAC), physical (PHY)interface and a direct memory access (DMA) engine or controller.

According to some examples, communication link 135 arranged to couplenetwork I/O device 110 to memory 120 and processor 130 as shown in FIG.1 may be operated in accordance with various communication protocols.These communication protocols or standards may be described in one ormore industry standards (including progenies and variants) to include,but not limited to, the Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIExpress) Base 3.0 specification, published in November of 2010(hereinafter “the PCI Express specification”).

In some examples, remote command manager 112 may include logic and/orfeatures configured to operate in accordance with one or more remotemanagement standards or specifications. The one or more remotemanagement specifications may include specifications (includingprogenies and variants) such as the Intelligent Platform ManagementInterface Specification (IPMI), Second Generation, version 2.0, revision1.0, published in February 2004 (hereinafter “the IPMI specification”).For these examples, remote management application 180 may also beconfigured or arranged to operate in compliance with the IPMIspecification.

According to some examples, remote command manager 112 may include logicand/or features configured to operate local management bus 115 inaccordance with one or more management bus standards or specifications.The one or more management bus standards may include specifications(including progenies and variants) such as the System Management Bus(SMBus) specification, version 2.0, published in August 2000(hereinafter “the SMBus specification”). For these examples, remotecommand manager 112 may be arranged to operate as an SMBus master forlocal management bus 115.

In some examples, when operating in compliance with the Ethernetstandard as well as both the SMBus and IPMI specifications, remotecommand manager 112 may exchange SMBus messages with remote managementapplication 180. For these examples, the SMBus messages may beencapsulated within an IPMI over LAN Ethernet packet. Upon receipt ofthe IPMI over LAN Ethernet packet, remote command manager 112 may parsethe packet to obtain a target slave address that may correspond to asensor (e.g., sensor(s) 140) or device (e.g., fan(s) 150) on computingdevice 105 that remote management application 180 desires to communicatewith, manage or control. Remote command manager 112 may then forward theSMBus message to the device or sensor via local management bus 115. Ifthe sensor or device responds to the SMBus message, remote commandmanager 112 may encapsulate the SMBus response message within anotherIPMI over LAN Ethernet packet and forward this packet to remotemanagement application 180.

FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an example architecture for remotecommand manager 112. In some examples, remote command manager 112includes features and/or logic configured or arranged for establishing asecure communication link with a remote management application,receiving commands from the remote management application andimplementing management functions based on the received commands.According to some examples, as shown in FIG. 2, remote command manager112 includes a command logic 210, a control logic 220, a memory 230 andinput/output (I/O) interfaces 240. As illustrated in FIG. 2, commandlogic 210 may be coupled to control logic 220, memory 230 and I/Ointerfaces 240. Command logic 210 may include one or more of a securityfeature 212, a receive feature 214, an implement feature 216 or aforward feature 218, or any reasonable combination thereof.

In some examples, the elements portrayed in FIG. 2 are configured tosupport or enable remote command manager 112 as described in thisdisclosure. A given remote command manager 112 may include some, all ormore elements than those depicted in FIG. 2. For example, command logic210 and control logic 220 may separately or collectively represent awide variety of logic device(s) or executable content to implement thefeatures of remote command manager 112. Example logic devices mayinclude one or more of a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a processorcircuit, a field programmable gate array (FPGA), an application specificintegrated circuit (ASIC), a sequestered thread or a core of amulti-core/multi-threaded microprocessor, or a combination thereof.

In some examples, as shown in FIG. 2, command logic 210 includessecurity feature 212, receive feature 214, implement feature 216 orforward feature 218. In some examples, these features may separately orcollectively represent logic, instructions or executable content.Command logic 210 may be configured to use one or more of these featuresto perform operations. For example, security feature 212 may establish asecure communication link with a remote management application. Receivefeature 214 may receive commands from the remote management applicationvia the secure communication link. Implement feature 216 may implementone or more management functions based on the received commands. Forwardfeature 218 may forward responses associated with the commands from theremote management application. Forward feature 218 may also forwardinformation obtained from sensor(s) and/or device(s) located on acomputing device.

In some examples, control logic 220 may be configured to control theoverall operation of remote command manager 112. As mentioned above,control logic 220 may represent any of a wide variety of logic device(s)or executable content. For some examples, control logic 220 may beconfigured to operate in conjunction with executable content orinstructions to implement the control of remote command manager 112. Insome alternate examples, the features and functionality of control logic220 may be implemented within command logic 210.

According to some examples, memory 230 may be arranged to storeexecutable content or instructions for use by control logic 220 and/orcommand logic 210. The executable content or instructions may be used toimplement or activate features, elements or logic of remote commandmanager 112. As described more below, memory 230 may also be arranged toat least temporarily maintain information associated with receivingand/or implementing commands received from a remote managementapplication. Memory 230 may also be arranged to at least temporarilymaintain information associated with managing or controlling sensors ordevices on a computing device while serving as a proxy for the remotemanagement application. Memory 230 may also be arranged to maintain aprofile to provide to a remote management application. The profile mayindicate one or more management functions that remote command manager112 may be capable of implementing at a computing device.

Memory 230 may include a wide variety of non-volatile memory mediaincluding, but not limited to, one or more types of flash memory,programmable variables or states, read-only memory (ROM), random accessmemory (RAM), or other static or dynamic storage media.

In some examples, I/O interfaces 240 may provide an interface via alocal communication medium or link between remote command manager 112and elements of computing device 105. I/O interfaces 240 may includeinterfaces that operate according to various communication protocols orstandards to communicate over the local communication medium or link.These communication protocols or standards may be described in one ormore industry standards (including progenies and variants) such as thoseassociated with the Inter-Integrated Circuit (I²C) specification, theSMBus specification, the PCI Express specification, the Universal SerialBus (USB), specification or the IPMI specification. This disclosure isnot limited to only the above-mentioned standards and associatedprotocols.

According to some examples, I/O interfaces 240 may provide an interfacevia a network or system management communication medium or link betweenremote command manager 112 and elements located remote with respect tothe computing device that maintains the network I/O device having aremote command manager 112. In some examples, remote with respect to thecomputing device may include not located in a close proximity in a room,in a structure or even in a geographic area or location. I/O interfaces240 may include interfaces that operate according to variouscommunication protocols or standards to communicate over the network orsystem management communication medium or link. These communicationprotocols or standards may be described in standards or specifications(including progenies and variants) such as the Ethernet standard, thePCI Express specification, the USB specification or the IPMIspecification. This disclosure is not limited to only theabove-mentioned standards and associated protocols.

FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of a secure communication link. Asshown in FIG. 3, the secure communication link 300 is shown as beingestablished between remote command manager 112 and remote managementapplication 180 over communication channel 170. In some examples, remotecommand manager 112 includes features and/or logic configured orarranged for establishing secure communication link 300 with remotemanagement application 180 (e.g., security feature 212).

According to some examples, remote management application 180 may bepart of a system (e.g., a management server) to remotely manage a largenumber of computing devices. The large number of computing devices maybe configured as a data center such as an Internet Portal Data Center(IPDC). This disclosure is not limited to only data centers such asIPDCs but may apply to any remotely managed computing device. For theseexamples, establishment of secure communication link 300 may enableremote management application 180 to securely manage computing devicessuch as computing device 105 over LANs, wide area networks (WANs) or anyother suitable wired or wireless communication medium.

In some examples, remote command manager 112 and remote managementapplication 180 may both communicate via communication channel 170 inaccordance with the Ethernet standard. Also, remote command manager 112and remote management application 180 may be configured or arranged toexchange messages in accordance with the IPMI specification. For theseexamples, secure communication link 300 may be established, but is notlimited to, the exchange of Remote Management Command Protocol (RMCP)Ping/Pong messages or via exchange of Remote Authenticated Key-ExchangeProtocol (RAKP) messages. Once secure communication link 300 isestablished, remote management application 180 may send or forwardcommands to remote command manager 112 via secure communication link300. Also, remote command manager 112 may send or forward responses tothose commands via secure communication link 300.

According to some examples, once secure communication link 300 has beenestablished by exchanging RMCP Ping/Pong messages or RAKP messages,remote management application 180 may also establish a Serial Over LAN(SOL) connection. Remote management application 180 may utilize the SOLconnection with remote manager 112 to provide a mechanism in which datasent to a serial port on computing device 105 may be packaged up in asecure IPMI message and forwarded to remote management application 180.Also, remote management application 180 may be arranged to send backsecure IPMI messages to the data source via the SOL connection.

In some examples, remote command manager 112 may provide SOLcapabilities by simulating a serial device to elements on computingdevice 105 such a BIOS implemented on processor 130 (not shown). TheBIOS may redirect BIOS information to an emulated serial port for thissimulated serial device. For these examples, when remote command manager112 receives a text packet from the BIOS, remote command manager 112 maytake the text packet and package it up to generate an IPMI SOL packet.The IPMI SOL packet may then be forwarded to remote managementapplication 180 via secure communication link 300. If remote managementapplication 180 sends back an IPMI SOL packet, the remote commandmanager 112 may extract a text packet from this IPMI SOL packet andforward it to the BIOS via the simulated serial device.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example flow diagram for remote management. Insome examples, elements of system 100 as shown in FIGS. 1-3 may be usedto illustrate example operations related to the flow chart depicted inFIG. 4. The described example operations are not limited toimplementations on system 100 or to elements of system 100 such asnetwork I/O device 110, remote command manager 112 or to remotemanagement application 180 as described above for FIGS. 1-3.

Moving from the start to block 410 (Establish Secure CommunicationLink), remote command manager 112 at switch 110 may include logic and/orfeatures configured to establish a secure communication link overcommunication channel 170 (e.g., via security feature 212). In someexamples, remote command manager 112 and remote management application180 may both communicate over communication channel 170 in accordancewith the Ethernet standard. Also, remote command manager 112 and remotemanagement application 180 may be configured or arranged to exchangemessages in accordance with the IPMI specification. For these examples,a secure communication link 300 may be established via exchanging RMCPPing/Pong or RAKP messages.

In some examples, once the secure communication link is established,remote command manager 112 may provide a profile to remote managementapplication 180. For these examples, the profile may indicate to remotemanagement application 180 one or more management functions that remotecommand manager 112 may be capable of implementing at computing device105. For example, controlling power actions, maintaining a watchdogtimer or serving as a proxy device to allow remote managementapplication 180 to communicate with one or more sensors or devices oncomputing device 105.

Proceeding from block 410 to block 420 (Receive Command(s)), remotecommand manager 112 may include logic and/or features configured toreceive commands from remote management application 180 via a securecommunication link (e.g., via receive feature 214). In some examples,the commands may be received via secure communication link 300. Forthese examples, the commands may include various types of IPMI commandmessages.

Proceeding from block 420 to block 430 (Implement ManagementFunction(s)), remote command manager 112 may include logic and/orfeatures configured to implement management functions based on thereceived commands (e.g., via implement feature 216). In some examples,the one or more management functions implemented by remote commandmanager 112 may enable remote management application 180 to manage orcontrol at least some operating parameters of computing device 105. Forthese examples, the one or more management functions may be implementedat network I/O device 110 without use of a separate BMC being maintainedat or with computing device 105.

Proceeding from block 430 to block 440 (Send Response to Command),remote command manager 112 may include logic and/or features configuredto send or forward responses to remote management application 180 (e.g.,via forward feature 218). In some examples, responses may includemessages to indicate a given command has been implemented. In otherexamples, the responses may include information requested in a commandfrom remote management application 180 such as temperature measurementsfrom various sensors on computing device 105. In yet other examples, theresponses may include IPMI SOL response messages from a BIOS forcomputing device 105.

Proceeding from block 440 to decision block 450 (Secure CommunicationLink Active?), remote command manager 112 may include logic and/orfeatures configured to determine whether the established securecommunication link is still active (e.g., via security feature 212). Insome examples, remote command manager 112 may attempt to send or forwarda message and if a response is received from remote managementapplication 180, then the secure communication link may be determined asactive and the process moves to block 420. For these examples, if remotemanagement application 180 fails to respond, then the securecommunication link may be determined as inactive and the process comesto an end. In some alternative examples, although not shown in FIG. 4,the process may move back to block 420 to establish another securecommunication link if the secure communication link is determine to beinactive.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example system 500. In some examples, elements ofsystem 500 may be incorporated within computing device 105 as shown inFIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 5, system 500 includes, operating system(s)510, application(s) 520, network input/output (I/O) device(s) 530, userinput/output (I/O) device(s) 540, a storage 550, a memory 560, a centralprocessing unit (CPU) 570, a chipset 580, and communications (Comms)590. According to some examples, several interfaces are also depicted inFIG. 5 for interconnecting and/or communicatively coupling elements ofsystem 500. For example, user interface 515 and interface 525 may allowfor users (not shown) and/or application(s) 520 to couple to operatingsystem(s) 510. Also, interface 535 may allow for elements of operatingsystem(s) 510 (e.g., device driver(s) 511) to communicatively couple toelements of system 500 such as network I/O device(s) 530, user I/Odevice(s) 540, storage 550, memory 560, CPU 570, chipset 580 or comms590. Interface 554, for example, may allow hardware and/or firmwareelements of system 500 to communicatively couple together, e.g., via alocal system management bus or other type of internal communicationchannel or link.

In some examples, as shown in FIG. 5, system 500 may include operatingsystem(s) 510. Operating system(s) 510, for example, may include one ormore operating systems. According to some examples, separate operatingsystems included in operating systems(s) 510 may be implemented as partof separate virtual machines supported by elements of system 500. Forthese examples, the separate virtual machines may be associated with oneor more processors included in CPU 570.

According to some examples, as shown in FIG. 5, operating system(s) 510may separately include device driver(s) 511. Device driver(s) 511 mayinclude logic and/or features configured to interact withhardware/firmware type elements of system 500 (e.g., via interface 535).For example, device driver(s) 511 may include device drivers to controlor direct storage 550 or memory 560 to fulfill requests made byapplication(s) 520 or operating system(s) 510. Device driver(s) 511 mayalso include device drivers to allow network I/O device(s) 530 tointeract with CPU 570 and memory 560 to receive/forward data viacommunication channels coupled to system 500 (e.g., via network I/Odevice(s) 530 or comm 590).

In some examples, application(s) 520 may include applications that maybe implemented on system 500. For these examples, applications(s) 520may request access (e.g., through operating system(s) 510) or use ofelements of system such as user I/O devices 540, storage 550 or memory560.

According to some examples, network I/O device(s) 530 may be similar tonetwork I/O device 110 described above for FIG. 1. For these examples,network I/O device(s) 530 may include a remote command manager 112 (notshown in FIG. 5) having logic and/or features configured or arranged forestablishing a secure communication link with a remote managementapplication, receiving commands from the remote management applicationand implementing management functions based on the received commands. Insome examples, network I/O device(s) 530 may be arranged to function asa NIC or LOM and may include one or more network interface controllerssuch as an Ethernet controller.

In some examples, user I/O device(s) 540 may include one or more userinput devices coupled to interface 554 for entering data and commands tobe implemented by elements of system 500. For example, the user inputdevices may include a keyboard, mouse, touch screen, track pad, trackball, isopoint, a voice recognition system, and/or the like. Similarly,user I/O device(s) 540 may include one or more user output devicescoupled to interface 554 for outputting information to an operator oruser. For example, the user output devices may include one or moredisplays, printers, speakers, and/or other output devices, if desired.For example, one of the user output devices may be a display. Thedisplay may be a cathode ray tube (CRTs), liquid crystal displays(LCDs), or any other type of display.

In some examples, storage 550 may include various types of memoryconfigured to be implemented or operated in a storage mode of operation.Storage 550 may include at least one or a combination of different typesof storage devices to store relatively large amounts of data. Thesedifferent types of storage devices may include, but are not limited to,one or more of a magnetic disk drive, an optical disk drive, a tapedrive, an internal storage device, an attached storage device, flashmemory, battery backed-up SDRAM (synchronous DRAM), a network accessiblestorage device, and/or other types of non-volatile memory (e.g., phasechange memory (PCM)). In some examples, storage 550 may be included aspart of user I/O devices 730 rather than a separate element as depictedin FIG. 5.

According to some examples, memory 560 may include at least one or acombination of different types of memory to include RAM, DRAM, staticRAM (SRAM), phase change material RAM (PRAM), and/or other types ofvolatile memory.

According to some examples, CPU 570 may be implemented as a centralprocessing unit for system 500. CPU 570 may include one or moreprocessors separately having one or more processor cores. Also, theprocessors included in CPU 570 may be any type of processor, such as,for example, a multi-core processor, a reduced instruction set computer(RISC), a processor having a pipeline, a complex instruction setcomputer (CISC), digital signal processor (DSP), and so forth.

In some examples, chipset 580 may provide intercommunication amongoperating system(s) 510, network user device(s) 530, user I/O device(s)540, storage 550, memory 560, CPU 570 or comms 590. For example, chipset580 may provide intercommunication between operating system(s) 510, userI/O device(s) 540, storage 550 and CPU 570 to retrieve information fromstorage 550 to display graphics on a display included in user I/Odevice(s) 540. The graphics may have been rendered by CPU 570 at therequest of an operating system included in operating system(s) 510.

In some examples, comms 590 may include logic and/or features to enablesystem 500 to communicate externally with elements remote to system 500.These logic and/or features may include communicating over wired,wireless or optical communication channels or connections via one ormore wired, wireless or optical networks. In communicating across suchnetworks, comms 590 may operate in accordance with one or moreapplicable communication or networking standards in any version. Also,in some examples, comms 590 may be integrated with network I/O device(s)530 in order to receive/forward data associated with communications toelements remote to system 500 and/or exchange command messages withremote management applications.

As mentioned above, interface 554, may allow hardware and/or firmwareelements of system 500 to communicatively couple together. According tosome examples, interface 554 may operate in accordance with one or moreprotocols or standards. These protocols or standards may be described inone or one or more industry standards (including progenies and variants)such as those associated with the I²C specification, SMBusspecification, the PCI Express specification, the USB, specification,the IPMI specification, the Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP)specification, the High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) standard,the Digital Visual Interface (DVI) specification, the Bluetooth™specification, or the Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA)specification. Although this disclosure is not limited to only theabove-mentioned standards and associated protocols.

In some examples, system 500 may be included in a computing device.Examples of a computing device may include, but is not limited to, aserver, a blade server, a computing board, a workstation computer, adesktop computer, a personal computer (PC), a laptop computer, or anultra-mobile computer, and so forth.

One or more aspects of at least one example may be implemented byrepresentative instructions stored on at least one machine-readablemedium which represents various logic within the processor, which whenread by a machine, computing device or system causes the machine,computing device or system to fabricate logic to perform the techniquesdescribed herein. Such representations, known as “IP cores” may bestored on a tangible, machine readable medium and supplied to variouscustomers or manufacturing facilities to load into the fabricationmachines that actually make the logic or processor.

Various examples may be implemented using hardware elements, softwareelements, or a combination of both. In some examples, hardware elementsmay include devices, components, processors, microprocessors, circuits,circuit elements (e.g., transistors, resistors, capacitors, inductors,and so forth), integrated circuits, application specific integratedcircuits (ASIC), programmable logic devices (PLD), digital signalprocessors (DSP), field programmable gate array (FPGA), memory units,logic gates, registers, semiconductor device, chips, microchips, chipsets, and so forth. In some examples, software elements may includesoftware components, programs, applications, computer programs,application programs, system programs, machine programs, operatingsystem software, middleware, firmware, software modules, routines,subroutines, functions, methods, procedures, software interfaces,application program interfaces (API), instruction sets, computing code,computer code, code segments, computer code segments, words, values,symbols, or any combination thereof. Determining whether an example isimplemented using hardware elements and/or software elements may vary inaccordance with any number of factors, such as desired computationalrate, power levels, heat tolerances, processing cycle budget, input datarates, output data rates, memory resources, data bus speeds and otherdesign or performance constraints, as desired for a givenimplementation.

Some examples may include an article of manufacture or at least onecomputer-readable medium. A computer-readable medium may include anon-transitory storage medium to store logic. In some examples, thenon-transitory storage medium may include one or more types ofcomputer-readable storage media capable of storing electronic data,including volatile memory or non-volatile memory, removable ornon-removable memory, erasable or non-erasable memory, writeable orre-writeable memory, and so forth. In some examples, the logic mayinclude various software elements, such as software components,programs, applications, computer programs, application programs, systemprograms, machine programs, operating system software, middleware,firmware, software modules, routines, subroutines, functions, methods,procedures, software interfaces, API, instruction sets, computing code,computer code, code segments, computer code segments, words, values,symbols, or any combination thereof.

According to some examples, a computer-readable medium may include anon-transitory storage medium to store or maintain instructions thatwhen executed by a machine, computing device or system, cause themachine, computing device or system to perform methods and/or operationsin accordance with the described examples. The instructions may includeany suitable type of code, such as source code, compiled code,interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, and thelike. The instructions may be implemented according to a predefinedcomputer language, manner or syntax, for instructing a machine,computing device or system to perform a certain function. Theinstructions may be implemented using any suitable high-level,low-level, object-oriented, visual, compiled and/or interpretedprogramming language.

Some examples may be described using the expression “in one example” or“an example” along with their derivatives. These terms mean that aparticular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connectionwith the example is included in at least one example. The appearances ofthe phrase “in one example” in various places in the specification arenot necessarily all referring to the same example.

Some examples may be described using the expression “coupled” and“connected” along with their derivatives. These terms are notnecessarily intended as synonyms for each other. For example,descriptions using the terms “connected” and/or “coupled” may indicatethat two or more elements are in direct physical or electrical contactwith each other. The term “coupled,” however, may also mean that two ormore elements are not in direct contact with each other, but yet stillco-operate or interact with each other.

It is emphasized that the Abstract of the Disclosure is provided tocomply with 37 C.F.R. Section 1.72(b), requiring an abstract that willallow the reader to quickly ascertain the nature of the technicaldisclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not beused to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. Inaddition, in the foregoing Detailed Description, it can be seen thatvarious features are grouped together in a single example for thepurpose of streamlining the disclosure. This method of disclosure is notto be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed examplesrequire more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather,as the following claims reflect, inventive subject matter lies in lessthan all features of a single disclosed example. Thus the followingclaims are hereby incorporated into the Detailed Description, with eachclaim standing on its own as a separate example. In the appended claims,the terms “including” and “in which” are used as the plain-Englishequivalents of the respective terms “comprising” and “wherein,”respectively. Moreover, the terms “first,” “second,” “third,” and soforth, are used merely as labels, and are not intended to imposenumerical requirements on their objects.

Although the subject matter has been described in language specific tostructural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understoodthat the subject matter defined in the appended claims is notnecessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above.Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed asexample forms of implementing the claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. At least one storage device comprising memory andinstructions, which when executed by a processor of a first computingdevice, cause the processor to: process a first command from a secondcomputing device, the first command including a first indication of aperiod of time after which a watchdog timer is to expire; initiate thewatchdog timer to time out after the period of time, the processor tocause at least one of a restart of the first computing device or a powerdown of the first computing device upon expiration of the watchdogtimer; process at least one cryptographically secured message includinga second command from the second computing device, the second commandincluding a second indication to defer the expiration of the watchdogtimer; cause a reset of the watchdog timer to defer the expiration ofthe watchdog timer based on the second command; and cause the at leastone of the restart of the first computing device or the power down ofthe first computing device upon the expiration of the watchdog timer,the first computing device external to the second computing device. 2.The at least one storage device of claim 1, wherein the instructions,when executed, cause the processor to determine an authenticity of asource of the cryptographically secured message based in part on atleast one cryptographic key.
 3. The at least one storage device of claim1, wherein the first computing device and the second computing deviceare coupled via a network.
 4. The at least one storage device of claim3, wherein the network is wireless.
 5. The at least one storage deviceof claim 1, wherein the watchdog timer includes a counter, and thesecond command includes a third indication to reset the counter.
 6. Theat least one storage device of claim 1, wherein the power down of thefirst computing device is to reset the first computing device.
 7. The atleast one storage device of claim 1, wherein the restart of the firstcomputing device is to reset the first computing device.
 8. At least onestorage device comprising memory and a plurality of instructions that,in response to being executed by processor circuitry of a firstcomputing device, cause the processor circuitry to: process a firstcommand, the first command including a first indication of a watchdogtimer; initiate the watchdog timer to time out after a period of time;process at least one cryptographically secured message including anauthenticated second command from a second computing device, theauthenticated second command including a second indication to defer thewatchdog timer; cause a reset of the watchdog timer to extend the periodof time based on the authenticated second command; and cause the firstcomputing device to at least one of restart or power down uponexpiration of the extended period of time, the first computing deviceexternal to the second computing device.
 9. The at least one storagedevice of claim 8, wherein the instructions cause the processorcircuitry to determine an authenticity of the cryptographically securedmessage based in part on at least one cryptographic key.
 10. The atleast one storage device of claim 8, wherein the first computing deviceand the second computing device are coupled via a network.
 11. The atleast one storage device of claim 10, wherein the network is wireless.12. The at least one storage device of claim 8, the watchdog timerincludes a counter, the authenticated second command including a thirdindication to reset the counter.
 13. The at least one storage device ofclaim 8, wherein the instructions cause the processor circuitry to powerdown the first computing device to reset the first computing device. 14.The at least one storage device of claim 8, wherein the instructionscause the processor circuitry to restart the first computing device toreset the first computing device.
 15. A first computing devicecomprising: processor circuitry; communication circuitry; and memoryincluding instructions that, when executed, cause the processorcircuitry to: process a first command received from a second computingdevice via the communication circuitry, the first command including afirst indication of a watchdog timer; initiate the watchdog timer totime out after a period of time; process at least one cryptographicallysecured message including an authenticated second command received fromthe second computing device received via the communication circuitry,the authenticated second command including a second indication to deferthe watchdog timer; cause a reset of the watchdog timer to defer an endof the period of time based on the authenticated second command; andcause at least one of a restart or a power down of the first computingdevice upon expiration of the watchdog timer, the first computing deviceexternal to the second computing device.
 16. The first computing deviceof claim 15, wherein the processor circuitry is to determine anauthenticity of the cryptographically secured message based in part onat least one cryptographic key.
 17. The first computing device of claim15, wherein the communication circuitry is wireless communicationcircuitry.
 18. The first computing device of claim 17, wherein the firstcomputing device and the second computing device are coupled via awireless network.
 19. The first computing device of claim 15, whereinthe first computing device and the second computing device are coupledvia a network.
 20. The first computing device of claim 15, wherein thewatchdog timer includes a counter, the authenticated second commandincluding third indication to reset the counter.
 21. The first computingdevice of claim 15, wherein the power down of the first computing deviceis to reset the first computing device.
 22. The first computing deviceof claim 15, wherein the restart of the first computing device is toreset the first computing device.
 23. A system, comprising: a firstcomputing device; and a second computing device, the second computingdevice including: processor circuitry; communication circuitry; memory;and instructions that, when executed, cause the processor circuitry to:process a first command received from the first computing device via thecommunication circuitry, the first command to cause initiation of awatchdog timer, the watchdog timer to time out after a period of time;process at least one cryptographically secured message including asecond command received from the first computing device via thecommunication circuitry, the second command to cause deferral of thetime out of the watchdog timer; and cause at least one of a restart ofthe second computing device or a power down of the second computingdevice upon the time out of the watchdog timer, the first computingdevice external to the second computing device.
 24. The system of claim23, wherein the processor circuitry is to determine an authenticity of asource of the cryptographically secured message based in part on atleast one cryptographic key.
 25. The system of claim 23, wherein thecommunication circuitry is wireless communication circuitry.
 26. Thesystem of claim 23, wherein the watchdog timer is a counter, the secondcommand to reset the counter.
 27. The system of claim 23, wherein thepower down of the second computing device is to reset the secondcomputing device.
 28. The system of claim 23, wherein the restart of thesecond computing device is to reset the second computing device.